2020. 2. 23. 12:23ㆍ카테고리 없음
Recipe for a serial killer?. Serial killers are portrayed as cold, calculating and often obsessive but it was unknown exactly what caused them to commit such heinous crimes. Now research from Glasgow has found that these similar traits among different murderers may be linked to specific psychological disorders and childhood trauma.
Researchers from Glasgow have conducted the first ever analysis of journals, news reports and legal files involved in the cases of killers, including Anders Breivik and Dr Harold Shipman. They discovered a link between suffering a combination of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), a head injury and a psychosocial disorder, such as that caused by exposure to abuse in childhood or parental divorce. The team from Glasgow searched studies and books that were both published and still in progress which referred to serial killers, violent crime, psychopathy, narcissistic personality disorder, and Autistic Spectrum Disorders. This included Web of Knowledge and PsycINFO, and search terms included ‘autism and serial killer’, ‘psychopathy and autism’, ‘murder and autism’, ‘brain injury and serial killer’, among other relevant searches. Among the 239 eligible killers, 28 per cent had ‘definite, highly probable or possible ASD’ of which 7 per cent also had a head injury.
More than 21 per cent had suffered a definite or suspected head injury, of which 13 per cent also had evidence of ASD traits. Out of the 106 killers with ASD and/or head injury, more than half (55 per cent) had experienced psychosocial stressors. According to the findings, 28 per cent of the high-profile killers were thought to have suffered from ASD. In contrast, around one in 100 of the general population is thought to suffer from the condition. There were additional reports that claimed a fifth had suffered a ‘definite or suspected’ head injury in the past. Share Of those killers with ASD and/or a head injury, more than half had previously experienced psychosocial stress such as sexual or physical abuse, but also parental divorce. The Glasgow research, therefore, concluded probably more than 10 per cent of serial killers on the whole, across the worldwide population, show signs of ASD, and a similar proportion have had a head injury.
This combination could potentially result in an individual being predisposed to develop into a mass murderer. ‘The report, which is the first of its kind to look at all the available material around serial and mass killers, identified that a complex interplay between neurodevelopmental problems and psychosocial factors are most likely to lead to incidences of this kind,’ explained the study authors, led by Dr Clare Allely.
But the researchers claim that a person suffering a neurodevelopmental disorder or a brain injury, by itself does not result in a serial killer or mass murderer. To test the hypothesis, the team from the University of Glasgow searched studies and books that were both published and still in progress that referred to serial killers, violent crime, psychopathy, narcissistic personality disorder, and Autistic Spectrum Disorders. Researchers from Glasgow analysed journals, news reports and legal files involved with cases of serial killers, including Anders Breivik (pictured). They discovered a link between Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) and psychosocial disorders, such as exposure to abuse in childhood or parental divorce, among serial killers Databases included Web of Knowledge and PsycINFO, and search terms included ‘autism and serial killer’, ‘psychopathy and autism’, ‘murder and autism’, ‘brain injury and serial killer’, among other relevant searches. The researchers also examined book chapters, whole books and electronic documents available locally, and through the UK’s inter-library loan system. Among all the 239 eligible killers, 28 per cent had ‘definite, highly probable or possible ASD’ of which seven per cent also had a head injury.
More than 21 per cent had suffered a definite or suspected head injury, of which 13 per cent also had evidence of ASD traits. Mass murderer Dr Harold Shipman, pictured, was 'highly suspected to have had ASD' and had experienced stressors in the past, the study found Out of the 106 killers with ASD and/or head injury, more than half (55 per cent) had experienced psychosocial stressors. The paper added that despite the ‘exhaustive search’ reports on fewer than 400 serial and mass killers were found since 1985, suggesting they are rare. Dr Allely, from the Institute of Health and Wellbeing at the University of Glasgow, continued: ‘It is crucial to note that we are not trying to suggest individuals with ASD or previous head trauma are more likely to be serial killers or commit serious crime. ‘Rather we are suggesting that there may be a subgroup of individuals within these groups who may be more likely to commit serious crimes when exposed to certain psychosocial stressors. ‘Research on mass and serial killing is still very much in its infancy.
New research is urgently required to understand the mechanisms underlying these extreme forms of violence so that preventative strategies can be developed. ‘We would recommend that in future, all serial or mass killers who are apprehended should be thoroughly assessed using standardised tools for investigating neurodevelopmental disorders including ASD and head injury.’ The findings are published in the in the Journal of Violent and Aggressive Behaviour and the full paper can be viewed. Carol Povey, Director of The National Autistic Society’s Centre for Autism, told MailOnline: 'This is a very serious issue and research like this is vital if we are to develop preventive strategies.
'But we would urge people not to jump to conclusions about people with autism and to make judgements about a whole section of society. 'This and previous research shows that the vast majority of individuals with autism are law abiding and respect the rules of society. Indeed, in many cases, individuals with autism are unusually concerned to keep the letter of the law, due to the nature of the disability. 'This research reaffirms the importance of ensuring that people with autism get the support they need as early as possible.' In a recent paper, published in Frontiers in Human Neuroscience journal, Dr Sergio Canavero claimed the brains of killers and other psychopaths should be treated using psychomodulation – a deep brain stimulation of regions linked to personality and mood. He said that imprisonment or the death penalty are costly and considered inhumane.
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In his research, Dr Canavero called for a ‘complete rewiring of the psychopath brain by associating brain cortical stimulation to environmental reconditioning.’ He believes that because brain stimulation is a non-invasive, or minimally invasive technique, it can be used to treat a number neurological and psychiatric conditions. This is because ‘it has the capacity to alter brain circuitry according to length of stimulation. Unlike deep brain stimulation, it carries no risk of death or disability.’.